Pepper spray is a highly effective self-defense tool capable of incapacitating an attacker by causing intense irritation to the eyes and respiratory system. When deployed correctly, it can temporarily blind an individual, rendering them unable to see for anywhere from a few minutes to half an hour or more, depending on factors such as wind conditions, proximity to the target, and the concentration of the spray. It's important to use pepper spray responsibly and within legal guidelines, as misuse can lead to serious consequences. When considering the use of pepper spray for self-defense, understanding its effects and limitations is crucial for personal safety and compliance with laws. Proper training in its use is recommended to ensure it is effective when needed.